Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 9th edition
Principles of drug action(pharmacodynamics)
Pharmacological agents are used in therapeutics to:
1 Alleviate symptoms, for example:
• Paracetamol for pain
• GTN spray for angina
2 Improve prognosis – this can be measured in number of diff erent ways – usually measured as a reduction in morbidity or mortality, for example:
• Prevent or delay end stage consequences of disease, e.g. anti-hypertensive medication and statins in cardiovascular disease, levodopa in Parkinson’s disease
• Replace defi ciencies, e.g. levothyroxine in hypothyroid
• Cure disease, e.g. antibiotics, chemotherapy
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